导语：

感谢大家订阅皮埃罗•斯加鲁菲（Piero Scaruffi）的钛媒体72问.知识专栏《硅谷的秘密》。我是今天的提问者赵何娟。在以色列，大家都很喜欢革新，但是市面上却没有太多革新性的产品，我很好奇以色列与硅谷在科技方面的区别是什么？

正文：

Right Israel is an interesting place, first of all, there are a lot of very intelligent people, they're creative it is kind of constrained. The limit is that it is driven by military. Israel is a country surrounded by enemies, so it's a very interesting thing, because it's almost the opposite of San Francisco Bay Area, they have no enemies, there was no pressure, it was just the sense of freedom, in a sense it was a relaxing place. And then it was this relaxed free place that allowed people to be very creative. 

以色列是个有趣的国家。首先他们有很多聪明的家伙，但他们的创新性局限于军事方面，因为以色列是一个被敌国包围的国家，这与三藩市的湾区有着本质区别，湾区那里没有任何敌人，那里没有任何紧张的局势，有的只是自由和放松的氛围，而正是这种氛围让人们变得富有创造性。

Israel, from a psychological point of view, is interesting, because it is the opposite to the Bay Area. If you live in Israel you know, any day they could be a rocket, suicide bomber. You are surrounded by enemies, you're surrounded by people who don't like you, and so the pressure has forced them to be very creative to defend themselves. 

以色列在心理学上来说它十分有趣，因为它与湾区如此不同，它到处充斥着紧张的情绪。因为如果你住在以色列，随时都有可能有火箭袭击和自杀式炸弹，它被敌人包围着，被不喜欢你的人所包围，因此人们被迫在军事方面具有创造性用于保护自己。

It's difficult for us to understand this. The United States borders with Mexico, Canada and two oceans. China is a very big country and it has no wars with the neighbors. So it's difficult for us to relate to Israel, a small country surrounded by enemies, and by the way a small country of people who were exterminated in the 1940s. So for them the pressure to be creative is survival. So psychologically it is very interesting, totally different from Silicon Valley. 

我们很难理解这一点。美国与墨西哥和加拿大接壤，当然还有两大洋；中国是一个大国，与周边国家没有战争困扰。因此我们很难理解以色列的局势：一个如此小的国家，四周都是敌人。顺便一提，这个国家在1940年代发生过灭绝性的战争。因此对他们而言，富有创造性是事关生死的事情。因此心理学上这十分有趣，这跟硅谷太不一样了。

If I had to write a history of Israeli technology, I will start with survival. If we want to survive, we have to make sure we can survive, so what we have to do is we have to be smarter than the others. If you look at the war that Israel fought against the Arabs, the Arabs have more people and the Arab even had more weapons, how did they win? more creative. they have this psychological pressure, they have to be more creative than the enemy right. Totally different motivation. So the good news is that it works, you do become creative. 

如果我要写有关以色列科技的文章，我会从生存说起。想要生存，就得比其他人更聪明。比如说以色列和阿拉伯的战争，阿拉伯有更多的人口，甚至有更多武器，但是以色列却赢了，这都是因为其创造性。以色列人们有这种必须创新的压力，他们必须比敌人更具创新性。因此以色列的创新性和硅谷的创新性是完全不一样的。但好处是，他们起码具有了创新性。

Right now you are not very creative, but if you walk in the street and there's a tiger you become very creative, your brain started to “what do I do now”. Exactly because you want to survive, suddenly you become very creative, or you die. So that's the good news. The bad news is that it is really driven by the military, so Israel has been very creative in technologies that come from the military. The most successful technology from Machine Vision comes from Israel, why, because the military used it. And then there is the use of the internet that has been very much driven by defense concerns. We have to enter coordinates very quickly in case of an attack. `And sure that is the limitation they have.

你可能原来没有什么创造力，但是如果突然街上出现一只老虎，你马上就有创造力了，为了生存大脑开始嗡嗡运作，不这样做你就会死亡。这就是好处，而坏处是这一切都是由军事驱动的。以色列人们在军事科技方面十分具有创造力，最先进的机器视觉科技往往来自以色列。他们对于网络的使用也是出于自卫的目的，如果袭击来临了，他们必须很快作出回应。但这就是他们的局限性。

And so the technology that comes out of it tends to be surveillance, Machine Vision, speech recognition and so on. It's much more difficult for any Israeli company to come out with Facebook or Google. These are peaceful technologies. Facebook is about we are friends and we want to organize a party. That's not the psychology of Israeli creativity, the psychology is really creativity, is there are enemies and they want to kill us and we have to be smarter than them. So you don't typically come up with Facebook. The result is also innovation, but because the motivation is different, you have a different kind of innovation. And in Silicon Valley we tend to use that technology, use it but not copy. The spirit is just different.

以色列的科技产品一般都是在自卫、机器视觉科技和语音识别方面的，类似谷歌和脸书这些产品是很难在以色列萌芽的。因为脸书是有关朋友之间互相联系的产品，虽然现在不再是了，但是最初成立的时候确实是用于朋友之间举办派对之类活动的产品，这一切都不适用于以色列的创造性。以色列的创造性说的是敌人来了，而我们必须比他们更聪明。因此一般而言，以色列不太可能产生脸书这样的公司。当然两者都是具有创造性的，但是由于驱动力不一样，所以创新产品也就不一样。在硅谷，大家倾向于使用科技，氛围是完全不一样的。

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