导语：

感谢大家订阅皮埃罗•斯加鲁菲（Piero Scaruffi）的钛媒体72问.知识专栏《硅谷的秘密》。我是今天的提问者赵何娟。前几期我们学习了硅谷的创新更多是应用导向，而不是以发明为导向，以及过去十年最能称得上创新性发明的，是生物科技，而非人工智能，硅谷已有非常多生物科技初创公司。那么我们如何去了解这些硅谷的生物科技公司呢？

正文：

we have three locations for biotech start-ups. One is the traditional one where gene tech was there. If you go there, you drive around, you see about one hundred startups in biotech right. And there is south of San Francisco around University California San Francisco, that campus has become another place for biotechs. And then near Berkeley there's another place that has all biotech startups. So not one hub, three hubs in the Bay Area for biotech start-ups.

我们可以将这些公司划分为3个地区。一个是传统的基因科技区域，在那里你会看到大概100家初创公司，该区域位于三藩市以南。而在三藩市内，在加州大学三藩市校区内，这一大学成为了生物科技初创公司的另一基地。最后是伯克莱，那里也是生物科技的基地之一。因此在三藩市湾区内其实是有3个生物科技公司基地的。

Why they are not as popular as software? Because software, five minutes its online. But biotech, you have to invent it, you have to develop it, you have to test it on people, in the United States the law says there is a minimum of five years to do. Remember you have to test it for so many years, then it gets approved.

那么为什么它们不如软件公司受欢迎？因为软件只需要几分钟就可以发布，可以马上投入使用，而生物科技呢，你得先发明，再发展，再在人类身上试验，而美国法律指出必须有不少于5年的人类试验，好了经过那么多年的测试，最后还得经过验证。

So gene therapy was actually invented more than ten years ago I think. it was until now the first case is coming to the market, now for the first time, the first kind of gene therapy has been approved now. So biotech is less popular because the results are so long. But actually today I think the impact of biotech is number one. So great investors today will look into biotech.

实际上基因疗法是在10年前被发明的，而现在才正式上市。因此生物科技没有那么受欢迎，这是由于其研发过程太长的原因。但是我始终认为生物科技的影响力是排首位的。因此现今伟大的发明家都会关注生物科技领域。

I have a list in my computer. I have a slide about biotech with the main inventions and they start from the 90s. So in the last twenty years we had all these inventions and this will change dramatically the world. What is interesting I think is zero comes from Silicon Valley.

我有一张就是关于生物科技的重大发明的列表，里面列有自90年代开始的重大发明。这些技术都将彻底改变世界。而有趣的是，这些发明没有一项来自硅谷。

But I'm sure that twenty years from now people will think “oh gene therapy it is from Silicon Valley right”, but it wasn't invented there. “oh IBG yeah it was in Silicon Valley right”no. So there will be the same story. You know people will think that there would be one start up from Silicon Valley that would become the big start-up. Genomics was invented, you know Human Genome Project right, by Maryland, but everybody thinks oh 23andme which is a Silicon Valley, but they did not invent it, it is not even the best.

但是我相信20年后的今天，当人们说起基因疗法的时候，他们会认为这是来源于硅谷的，但其实它并不是在硅谷被发明的。当人们说起IBG，他们也会以为其发源于硅谷，但其实不是。历史总是相似的，而最后会出现某家初创公司独大的情况。比如人类基因组计划，它是由马里兰大学发起的，但大家却以为是硅谷的23andme所发起的，但事实并非如此，这家公司甚至不是硅谷里最好的。

导语：好，今天的课程就到这里，我们下期再继续讲讲有趣的基因疗法，到底是谁发明的。

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